Acromioclavicular (AC) joint repair is an operation to treat an injury to the joint that connects the collarbone to the top of the shoulder blade. This page explains how the injury happens, when repair may be considered and what recovery involves.
Note: This is general information. Many injuries of this joint do not need surgery, and the doctor decides after examination and imaging.
Symptoms
The operation may be considered for AC joint problems such as:
- Pain and swelling at the top of the shoulder after an injury
- A visible bump at the end of the collarbone
- Pain when lifting the arm or carrying a load
- Pain or instability that continues despite non-surgical care
- A worker or athlete who needs a strong, stable shoulder
- Long-term pain from arthritis of the joint
Causes
What causes the problem:
- A direct fall onto the shoulder or a hard blow, as in contact sports and cycling accidents
- Torn ligaments that hold the collarbone to the shoulder blade
- Gradual wear of the joint with use or age
- Repeated heavy lifting or strenuous movements
Diagnosis
The doctor examines the painful area and the shape and stability of the shoulder. An X-ray is requested, sometimes in special positions to judge the extent of the injury, and an MRI may be used to assess the ligaments and other injuries.
Treatment options
Non-surgical treatment
Many mild and moderate injuries improve without surgery.
- Rest and a sling for a short period set by the doctor
- Cold packs wrapped in a cloth
- Physiotherapy to restore movement and strength
- Adjusting painful activities
- Injections in some cases, at the doctor's discretion
Surgical treatment
Surgery may be considered for severe injuries, or when pain and instability continue despite non-surgical care. The surgeon realigns and secures the collarbone and repairs or reconstructs the ligaments, which may be done arthroscopically or through open surgery depending on the case.
For painful arthritis, a small part of the end of the collarbone may be removed. Your surgeon will explain the suitable technique and its possible risks.
Recovery and rehabilitation
Recovery time varies from person to person and is set by the surgeon. Following the sling and rehabilitation instructions protects the repair.
- Protecting the shoulder in a sling as your surgeon instructs
- Controlling pain and swelling
- Gradually restoring movement
- Strengthening the shoulder muscles
- A gradual return to activity and sport with the surgeon's approval
When to see the doctor
See a doctor if:
- You have pain, swelling or a bump at the top of the shoulder after a fall
- Shoulder pain continues despite rest
- The shoulder feels weak when carrying or lifting
- You have numbness or weakness in the arm
- You have a serious injury with obvious deformity, in which case go to emergency care