Shoulder pain is a common symptom, often linked to the tendons, the bursa or the stability of the joint. This page covers general causes, what may ease discomfort in the meantime, warning signs, and how a doctor evaluates the shoulder.
Note: General education, not a diagnosis. If the shoulder looks out of place or changes shape after a fall or blow, seek urgent medical care and do not try to put it back yourself.
Common Causes of Shoulder Pain
The shoulder moves in many directions, so it can be affected in several ways. General causes include:
- A tear in the rotator cuff tendons, which hold and move the shoulder joint. See Rotator Cuff Tear.
- Inflammation of the tendons or the bursa, often linked to repeated overhead movement. See Shoulder Tendinitis and Bursitis.
- Dislocation or instability after an earlier injury. See Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation and Instability.
- A fall onto an outstretched arm or a direct blow to the shoulder.
- Sometimes pain that starts in the neck and is felt in the shoulder.
These are general examples and do not mean you have any of them.
What May Ease Discomfort in the Meantime
- Cut back on movements that worsen the pain, especially lifting the arm overhead.
- Apply a cold pack wrapped in a cloth for short periods.
- Avoid carrying heavy objects with the painful arm.
- Find a comfortable sleeping position that does not press on the shoulder.
These are temporary steps, not a treatment. If the pain continues, see a doctor, as long rest without assessment may not be the right approach.
Warning Signs That Need Prompt Assessment
- A visible change in the shape of the shoulder after a fall or blow.
- Sudden weakness or being unable to lift the arm.
- Severe pain after an injury, or obvious swelling and bruising.
- Numbness or weakness in the arm or hand.
- A repeated feeling that the shoulder slips or comes out of place.
- Severe night pain that wakes you and does not ease with rest.
- Shoulder pain together with shortness of breath or chest pain, which needs urgent medical care.
How Doctors Usually Evaluate Shoulder Pain
The doctor asks what started the pain and what makes it better or worse, then examines the shoulder's movement, strength and stability. The neck may be examined too.
An X-ray assesses the bones, and an MRI or ultrasound may be used to assess the tendons when needed. Many shoulder problems are managed without surgery, and in some cases arthroscopy may be an appropriate option.
When to Book a Visit
Book a visit if the pain continues despite rest, affects sleep, work or sport, or if any warning sign appears. For a wider overview, see the Shoulder page. To reach the clinic, use the Book an Appointment / Contact Us page.