Total knee replacement is an operation in which the damaged surfaces of the knee joint are removed and replaced with an artificial joint to relieve pain and improve movement. This guide explains when it may be considered, how it is done and how rehabilitation usually follows.
Note: This is general information, not advice for an individual case. The decision to operate is made with your surgeon after examination and imaging.
When may knee replacement be considered?
Replacement may be considered when the knee is badly damaged and signs like these are present:
- Constant knee pain that affects walking and sleep
- Difficulty climbing stairs or standing up from a seat
- Severe stiffness and limited joint movement
- Symptoms that have not improved with non-surgical care
- A visible deformity of the knee or bowing of the leg
- Pain that limits daily activities
Why does the knee joint wear out?
The operation treats joint damage, most often caused by:
- Advanced knee osteoarthritis
- Inflammatory forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis
- Joint damage after a fracture or old injury
- Severe cartilage loss from other causes
Diagnosis
Assessment before surgery includes an examination of how the knee moves, how stable it is and how straight the leg is, along with X-rays and sometimes other tests. The surgeon also reviews your general health to decide whether the operation suits you.
Treatment options
Non-surgical treatment
Before surgery is considered, non-surgical options are usually tried. They can ease symptoms and, in some cases, delay the need for an operation.
- Adjusting activity and managing weight where appropriate
- Physiotherapy and muscle strengthening
- Walking aids
- Knee injections in selected cases
Surgical treatment
In a replacement, the surgeon removes the damaged parts of the bone ends and fixes artificial components in their place, designed to take the movement of the joint. It is done under anesthesia, and your surgeon explains the type of anesthesia and the technical details for your case.
Like any operation, it carries possible risks such as infection, blood clots and problems with the implant, which your surgeon will discuss before you decide. Results vary from patient to patient.
Recovery and rehabilitation
Rehabilitation after the operation is a key part of success, and Dr. Hourani gives it particular attention. Recovery time varies from person to person and is set by the surgeon after assessment.
- Controlling pain and swelling
- Starting knee movement early under the care team's guidance
- Walking with support, then gradually without it
- Strengthening the thigh and leg muscles
- A gradual return to daily activities as your surgeon advises
When to see the doctor
See a doctor to discuss whether replacement is right for you if:
- Pain stops you from walking or sleeping
- Your symptoms have not improved with non-surgical care
- Daily activities are limited because of your knee
- The knee has become visibly bowed or very stiff