Arthroscopic shoulder stabilization is an operation performed through small incisions to repair damaged ligaments and cartilage and restore stability after dislocation. This page explains when it may be considered, how it is done and what recovery involves.
Note: This is general information. Your surgeon decides whether the operation suits you after an examination and imaging.
When this operation may be considered
This operation may be considered in situations such as:
- Recurrent shoulder dislocation
- A persistent feeling that the shoulder is unstable
- A torn labrum and ligaments after a dislocation
- An athlete who needs a stable shoulder to return to activity
- Physiotherapy not being enough to restore stability
What the operation addresses
The operation addresses the problem that caused the instability:
- The labrum and ligaments pulling away from the rim of the socket after dislocation
- A loose joint capsule
- Repeated dislocation because the tissues did not heal well
Diagnosis
Before the operation you will have a clinical examination and X-rays, and often an MRI or CT scan to assess the cartilage, ligaments and bone. This assessment shows whether arthroscopic surgery is suitable or whether another approach is needed.
Treatment options
Non-surgical treatment
Before surgery, or instead of it in some cases, physiotherapy and activity changes can be tried to strengthen the muscles and improve control. See recurrent shoulder dislocation for more.
Surgical treatment
The operation is done under anaesthesia. The surgeon passes a small camera and fine instruments through small incisions around the shoulder, then re-attaches the labrum and ligaments in place and may tighten the surrounding capsule.
Your surgeon will explain the details and the possible risks before you decide. Before surgery, read the before-surgery guide.
- Inspecting the joint with the camera
- Fixing the labrum and ligaments with small anchors
- Tightening the capsule when needed
- Closing the small incisions and placing the arm in a sling
Recovery and rehabilitation
Recovery time varies from person to person and is set by the surgeon after assessment. Committed rehabilitation is an important part of the result. See the after-surgery guide too.
- Protecting the shoulder in a sling as your surgeon advises
- Controlling pain and swelling
- Safe, gradual movement of the joint
- Strengthening the muscles around the shoulder
- Sport-specific exercises and a gradual return with the surgeon's approval
When to see the doctor
See a surgeon to discuss whether you need this operation if:
- Your shoulder has dislocated repeatedly
- The shoulder stays unstable despite physiotherapy
- Instability stops you from sport or work
- After surgery you notice redness, discharge, fever or worsening pain, so contact your doctor