Knee pain is a common symptom with many possible causes, including osteoarthritis, sports injuries, and meniscus or ligament tears. This page covers the general causes, what may help in the meantime, warning signs, and how a doctor evaluates the knee.
Note: General education, not a diagnosis. If the knee swells quickly after an injury, or you cannot put weight on it, see a doctor without delay.
Common Causes of Knee Pain
The location and nature of the pain depend on the cause. These are general examples of what causes knee pain in many people:
- Gradual wear of the joint cartilage, known as osteoarthritis. Read more in Knee Osteoarthritis and Conservative Treatment.
- A meniscus injury, which can follow a sudden twisting movement. See Meniscus Tear.
- An anterior cruciate ligament injury, often in sports with fast stops and changes of direction. See ACL Tear.
- Overuse, such as running or repeatedly climbing stairs.
- A direct blow or a fall onto the knee.
Reading this list does not mean you have any of these problems. Only an examination can identify the cause.
What May Ease Discomfort in the Meantime
- Rest the knee and cut back on movements that make the pain worse.
- Apply a cold pack wrapped in a cloth for short periods.
- Raise the leg when sitting or lying down.
- Avoid repeated stair climbing and deep squats until a doctor has assessed you.
These are general, temporary steps and not a treatment. If the pain continues or keeps coming back, see a doctor.
Warning Signs That Need Prompt Assessment
- A pop heard or felt at the moment of injury.
- Swelling within a few hours.
- Being unable to stand on or put weight through the leg.
- A feeling that the knee gives way or buckles.
- A locked knee that will not fully straighten or bend.
- An obvious change in the shape of the knee.
- Redness and warmth with fever, or severe night pain that does not ease with rest.
How Doctors Usually Evaluate Knee Pain
Evaluation starts with questions about how the pain began, where it is, and which activities make it worse. The doctor then examines the knee's movement, stability and the strength of the surrounding muscles.
When needed, an X-ray assesses the bones and an MRI assesses cartilage and ligaments. Treatment is then based on the diagnosis, and in many cases it is non-surgical.
When to Book a Visit
Book a visit if the pain continues despite rest, keeps returning, affects walking, sleep or work, or if any warning sign appears. You can reach the clinic through the Book an Appointment / Contact Us page. For an overview of this area, see the Knee page.